Diamond is a transparent crystal composed of carbon atoms. A perfect white diamond is like a drop of sparkling water. Chemical impurities and structural defects add color to the transparent crystal. A structurally perfect and chemically pure diamond is extremely rare to find. Colorless diamonds act like prisms, separating white light passing through it into a wide spectrum of colors, causing a scintillating effect called fire which gives a diamond its mesmerizing appeal. The whiter the diamond, better the fire. While most colorless diamonds appear white, implicitly all display perceptible tints of color. Color grading for colorless or white diamonds involves deciding how closely a stone's body color approaches colorlessness. Color is most accurately determined when the stone is not mounted in a setting, since metals can extend tints of their own color into the diamond. To judge a diamond's color, diamond is placed facedown on a pure white surface and examined in controlled light.
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